Cyber day 28

Dear Future Josh,

Well...2020 has been, different from most years.  It seems as if every week has enough change for a chapter in a history book.  More importantly, you lived to experience that.  You have lived through these crazy times.  It is hard to believe the path the Earth has taken.  These times have caused me to rethink about how lucky I truly was to live the life that I had.  These times have served as a reality check for me.  I predict summer to be a bit different.  Quarantine is starting to let up, so maybe everything will soon be normal.  I am hoping for the best.

cyber day 27

• Caesars grandnephew- and son named Octavian took over at age 18
• He forms the second triumvirate 
• Mark Antony, Lepidus, Octavian 
• Octavian forces Lepidus to retire 
• He becomes rivals with Antony 
• Antony partners with Cleopatra 
• Octavian defeats them in the Battle of Actium
• He is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome
• He was given the honorific “Augustus”
• “Exalted one”
• He was also given the title “imperator”
• Supreme military commander
• This is where we get the word “emperor”
• Now Rome is an empire, not a republic
• 
  

Cyber day 26

I will be taking my test on June second at 8:55 - 9:45.

• Rome used Bread and Circuses to calm and distract the plebs
• Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians
• Soldiers’ loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic
• Julius Caesar (100 - 44 BCE)
• a highly successful general
• he conquered the huge territory of Gaul
• The First Triumvirate
• Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
• Caesar appoints himself governor of Gaul
• In 44BC he is named dictator - first for six months, then for life
• Created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects
• Increased pay for soldiers
• He was assassinated
• Why? The senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability
• How? They lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involved

cyber day 25

I am going to Analyze the factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic.

Cyber day 24

The Roman Empire

• Civil War- A conflict between groups in the same country
• Julius Caesar- A military leader, was elected to consul in 59 B.C.E
• Triumvirate- A group of three rulers
• Augustus- Real name is Octavian.  Roman emperor 
• Pax Romana- a period of peace and prosperity.  Means "Roman Peace"

The Republic Collapses 

Increased wealth and expanding boundaries caused many problems.  Including the fall of the republic 

• Thousand of people were enslaved 
• by 100 BC one third of the population were slaves 
• small farmers could not compete with bigger estates 
• Tiberius and Gaius attested to help the poor 
• the republic grew unstable 
• they recruited soldiers by offering land to the poor
• Caesar came and used his knowledge in military strategy to strengthen Rome 
• Caesar had absolute power 
• after he died, civil war broke out again

cyber day 23

The Punic Wars were the wars between Rome and Carthage.  There were three wars, all of which Rome won.  The first war was a naval battle for Sicily which is strategically located.  Rome wins this war.  The first war took place from 264-241 B.C.E.  The second war happened from 218 - 201 B.C.E. The Carthaginian general in this war was Hannibal. He planned to attack Rome from the north. He used elephants but still fail. The third and final war took place from 149-146 B.C.E. The Romans grew tired of the Carthaginians. The Romans decided to burn down the city of Carthage. The city burned for 17 days and over 50,000 people were sold as slaves.

cyber day 22

Slides 9-12
The whole situation involving the king and the two families is hard to follow.  So much assassinations and murders that were committed by family members.  I can see why the Romans did not want kings.  They were afraid of the same thing happening again.  The Romans wanted freedom from their rulers, and they realized that with a king in rule, their freedom had a chance to be taken.

Slides 13-22
At the start, the Roman government consisted of only the patricians, which only took up around 2% of the population.  The plebeians got no representation.  Then the government changed to a republic, which was a combination of a democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy.  The government also had 3 branches, just like America does now.  Also, both governments have a legal code.

cyber day 21

• Rome was first settled by the Etruscans
• They were metalworkers, artists, architects
• they came from came from north-central part of the peninsula
• Greeks also settled in Rome
• Romans borrowed ideas from them
• they burrowed religious, beliefs, alphabet, much of their art, military techniques, and weaponry
• The Latins came FIRST 
• descendants of Indo-Europeans
• settled on the banks of the Tiber
• They drained a swam
• there was a marshy area called the Forum,  between Palatine and Capitoline Hills
• Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
• the seventh king of Rome
• the last king of Rome
• known as Tarquin the Proud
• he was a tyrant 
• Rule of kings is replaced by rule of two consuls
• consuls were elected
• served for 1 year
• fifth century BCE - patrician dominance of the government was challenged by the plebeians

cyber day 20

I listened to the song 7 times, yes I counted.  The song was incredibly catchy.  At first I was sceptical of the song being good, but then, my opinion was instantly changed.  I learned something from it as well.  I liked the song very much.

cyber day 19

I believe that Ancient Rome owes it success to its strong military.  Without the Roman military, then there would have been no land for the Republic to rule.  Also, the military protected the Republic from being destroyed when Rome had a successful empire established.

Cyber day 18

The Twelve Tablets, or tables, was a list of Roman laws that severed as a basis for future politics and law makers.  They included three parts: The Preamble; which stated when the laws were adopted, the Main Text; which stated the laws, and the Sanctio; which  included penalties for the laws.                      

cyber day 17

This is a Roman aqueduct. Aqueducts are used to transport water.  The engineering genius that is needed to build this is unbelievable for the time.

cyber day 16

The main difference between a patrician and a plebian is money.  The patricians have significantly more money than the plebeians.  The patricians have land and power as well.  The Greek equivalent was aristocrats and the common people.

cyber day 15

Republic- A form of government in which the power rests with the citizen 

Patrician- Wealthy landowners who held the most power

Plebeians- The common people 

Tribune- They protected the plebeians from the land owners

Consul- A roman official,  there are two 

Senate- The aristocratic branch of the Roman government  

Dictator- A leader with absolute power

Legion- Large military units 

Punic wars- Wars between Rome and Carthage  

Hannibal- A Carthaginian general who wanted to avenge the earlier defeat 

Cyber day 14

My essay question would be: "Who was Plato and what were his main ideas that contributed to society?"
The first paragraph would give a brief summary of Plato and lightly scratch the surface of his main ideas.
The second paragraph would involve the explaination of 'The forms' and how it contributed to society then and today.
The third paragraph would explain Plato's ideal society, what the three groups are, and if those three groups are still relevant today.
The fourth paragraph would explain the 'Noble Lie' and how it applied in ancient Greece and now in society
The final paragraph would summarize all this information and state Plato's importance to philosophy.

cyber day 13

1. What were Pericles three goals for Athens?
A) Strengthen Athenian Democracy
B) To strengthen the empire
C)  To glorify Athens
D) All of the above
Answer- D

2. Which of the following is not part of Plato's ideal world?
A) Military
B) Poor people
C) Producers
D) Rulers
Answer- B

3. What was one thing that the land in Greece was not good for?
A) Boating
B) Farming
C) Rock climbing
D) Hiking
Answer: B

4. When we're The Olympics founded?
A) 776 B.C
B) 777 B.C
C) 827 B.C
D) 283 B.C
Answer: A

5. What is a Direct Democracy
A) A form of government that one individual rules
B) A form of government were citizens rule directly
C) A form of government where no one rules
D) A form of government where a group of people rule
Answer: B

cyber day 12

1) How did Plato define The Forms?
The perfect and ideal concepts of the things around us 


2) Who are the three groups in Plato’s ideal society?
Producers, the military, and the rulers


3) What were Plato’s thoughts on women?He believed that they acted and were like children 


4) What was the Noble Lie that Plato proposed?
He proposed that we have a mixture of gold, silver, iron, or brass in our souls and that they determine our roles in life

cyber day 11

We have studied ancient Greece
All aspects of it
From the beautiful architecture
That time fails to terminate
To the almighty gods
Who the people worshiped infinity
We observed great philosophers
Such as Aristotle and Plato
Who promoted open thinking
Who were punished for making the world better
We studied great Greek wars
Peloponnesian and Persian
The great efforts put forth by the 300
And Pheidippides
We studied all this and more 

Cyber day 10

This is the Parthenon.  It was built in Athens in 447 B.C.E.  It was a temple that was built to worship the gods.

This is the Temple of Zeus Olympia.  It was dedicated to the god Zeus.  It was built in Olympia.    It was built in the fifth century BC.

cyber day 9

1. The ancient Greeks invented drama as a form of art.   The theater productions were expressions of pride and a tribute to the gods.  They where to main types of dramas: comedy and tragedy.  Tragedy included themes like love, hate, and war.  Comedy's were almost the exact opposite, including humor.

2b. Recently, I watched the movie "Wolf of Wall Street" (Great movie by the way).  This movie could be considered both a comedy and tragedy, but it is mainly comedy.  Many modern productions can be considered a comedy or a tragedy, just like the Ancient Greek productions. 

3. 

This theatre looks really functional,  but not that comfortable.  looks like it took a decent  amount of time to build.  looks carved out of the hill that it is in

cyber day 8

With the recent outbreak of COVID-19, many people around the USA and the world have been forced to adjust their personal schedules because of quarantine.  Especially student and teachers, who rely on the ability to be able to travel to school everyday.  For the last two weeks, we have been participating  in cyber school, which is a new experience for everyone.  In order for both teachers and students to be successful in this new environment; they have to be confident in there ability to handle adversity(especially now, because there is a lot); they have to persevere and do there work, whether they like it or not; and they have to have hope that we will soon return to school and our regular lives.

Cyber day 7

The Corona Virus, or COVID-19, is a virus that started in China.  Cases first stated to appear in December 2019.  The virus continued to spread throughout the world to all seven continents.  The spread of the virus was insanely fast.  Some countries, like many European countries, have it worse than others because of how dense the population is.  The virus is deadly for people who are older or people who have underlying issues.  Although the media causes mass hysteria concerning the virus, we need to take this situation seriously.

The plague that effected the Athenians was started in Ethiopia and spread northwards to Greece.  The disease entered Athens through its sea ports.  By the time that the virus died, one third of Athens population was dead.  The symptoms of this plague were very similar to COVID-19.  There was a bad fever, and the victims had a "unceasing thirst", which sounds like a sore throat.

Cyber day 6

King Philip II

King Philip II of Macedonia was the king of Macedonia from 359 B.C.E until he was assented in 336 B.C.E.  He was part of the Agraed Dynasty.  He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.  King Philip II fought in the Third Sacred war.  When he was in power, he strengthened the military of his city-state.  Without the deeds that Philip II performed, it is likely that Alexander the Great would not be known.

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great was a king of Macedon and was part of the Argead dynasty. He was born in 356 BC and succeeded the throne at the age of 20.  He established the biggest empire seen in history. 

Darius III

Darius III, named Artashata at first, was the last king of the Empire of Persia, from 336 BC to 330 B.C.E.  Darius belonged to a collateral branch of the royal family.  Darius tried to stop Alexander the Great when he was invading, but was defeated at Issus in 333 B.C.E.  Darius fled from the battle, abandoning his entire family.

Cyber day 5 #2

When Alexander was 12 years old, he won Bucephalus in a wager with his dad, King Philip II.  The dealer trying to sell the horse charge a lot.  Due to the fact that no-one could tame the horse, Philip  passed up the offer.  Alexander promised to pay for the horse if he failed to tame it.  Alexander managed to tame the horse and surprise everyone.  Alexander preceded to ride this horse for around 20 years.  When Bucephalus died in 326 B.C.E in Alexander's last battle.  In honor of the horse, Alexander named a city Bucephala.  The relationship between the horse and Alexander was very strong because Alexander was the only human able to tame the horse, therefore, it is almost like they are meant for each other.  Also, the fact that Alexander rode the same horse into battle for almost 20 years only strengthens the relationship between the man and animal.

cyber day 4

This week was not as hard as thought it would be.  There has been only about 2 hours of work everyday and I have a lot of free time to do whatever I want.

cyber day 3

People like Socrates would have a great reasoning for questioning traditional beliefs in this point of history. Up until the point of history that they are at in the video, everything was going well they way it was because of Pericles. But Pericles died and things were changing. Things were out of order, laws were getting harsher etc. The only thing that people like Socrates sought to do was to find a change that would actually work. Like everyone knows, Socrates was Avery wise Philosopher who thought different then many people.  Some people agreed with how he thought and others didn't. Socrates started questioning traditional beliefs because he knew that the way things were going at that point weren't working and there was way Athens would've survived if they kept up with their horrible behavior. What wasn't working was how people didn't have anyone follow or look upon for leadership because Pericles died. So there was no order. Socrates being as wise as he is was very smart for seeing that there needed to be change in how things were working especially because there was a change in the leadership as well.

Cyber day 2

All of the Athenians were behind the Athens walls and the plague was introduced to Athens. Because all of the citizens were in one tight space the diseases read quickly. The symptoms were caused suffering and the city was in horrible shape. There was so much terror going around Athens because the citizens were worried about being attacked and the disease. With the crisis erupting, the people began breaking all laws and religious customs. The Athenian society broke down because people stopped being good because the good and the evil were being affected by the disease. The plague killed over a third of Athen's population. Pericles got the plague and lost all strength, he began relying on magic potions to help him survive. After 6 months of struggling, Pericles died in 429 BC. Pericles planned to make Athens the best in the Mediterranean sea but his plan of close quarters brought death and disease. Pericles underestimated the power of the uncontrollable factors. Pericles was the strongest leader so after his death many other leaders tried to take his position. The other leaders did anything and everything to gain power. Direct democracy began "sliding into mob rule".  Because of mob rule they had no power to fight a war. Pericles plan to glorify Athens and make it the strongest only brought death and disease which led to them not being able to fight a war

Cyber day 1

1. Who was Pericles, and what were his goals for Athens?

Pericles was a 'wise and able statesmen' who led Athens through its golden age.  His three goals were to strengthen democracy of Athens, to hold and strengthen the empire, and to glorify Athens.



2. How is a direct democracy run?

A democracy is a government where the people have a direct impact on the government. The citizens rule directly without representatives.


3. How did the Delian League work?

The Delian League (or Athenian League) was a group of Greek city-states led by Athens its purpose was to protect Greek cities from Persian rule.

Western Civ day 26

A revolution began in 490 BC in Greece that changed the world. Between Athens and Persian, spread across land and sea that will last over a decade. This battle changes the course of civilization. Phidipidies ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians that the Persians were coming to attack. His quest was for survival.In the early fifth century BC the Persians were very strong. But then Athens started gaining power, threatening the Persians. The Persians knew they had to destroy Athens in order to win. The greeks are people who emphasize freedom while the Persians follow obedience. Themistocles  was the leader of Athens, he was very cocky but not many people loved him. He was a great leader tho and he was known as the savior of his city. He believed that Persia would attack again. Athenians were defeated by land but very strong by navy. The Athenians trienes were boats that were used as weapons for sea battles. In 483 BC the Athenians found a great amount of riches and wanted to divide about themselves, but Themistocles wanted to spend it on ships. The Persians wouldn't rest until Athens was burnt to the ground. Xerzes conscripted troops from every corner of his empire. They had 2 million men with he greatest force the world had ever seen, and they were soon ready to march. Xerzes was confident of victory, but when the Greeks realized they were about to be invaded they turned to their gods. They sent a messenger to find out their fate.

Western Civ day 25

• Athens was turned against itself: one half was the wealthy aristocrats while and the other was the regular citizens
• Greece had no plains unlike the other civilizations around it
• Greece was divided into city-states because of its mountainous ranges
• Spartans wore red capes to cover their enemies and their own blood
• Spartans had little to no possessions
• Helots were forced to work in the field for the Spartans
• Spartans had a yearly war with the helots to show how powerful they were over them
• Spartans wanted to die for their people because their lives were terrible 
• Homer wrote about two vicious battles in the Illiad and the Odessey
• Achilles was an honored Greek hero
• he was offered a long and ordinary life of work or a short life in exchange to go to war
• The Eastern Mediterranean was the greatest marketplace of the world
• Everyone was willing to trade for Greece's cooking oil (olive oil)
• The Olympics were founded in 776 B.C.
• The games allowed any ranked citizen to play, except women, who were not allowed to play nor inside the stadium

Western civ day 23

Socrates

• Looked to science and logic for explanations of how the world worked 
• The Socratic Method fostered critical thinking
• Had a famous quote- "the unexamined life is not worth living."
• Socrates was charged with serious crimes 
• impiety (disrespecting the gods)
• corrupting the youth of Athens 
• At his trial, he describes himself as a stinging gadfly, and Athens as a lazy old horse- he was trying to give Athens life 
• Did not deny what he had done; asked for free dinners because he believed that he helped everyone
• Found guilty by a Athenian jury, and was sentenced to death by drinking poison hemlock- body starts to stop working and you slowly die 

Plato 

• Plato was a student and follower of Socrates
• He wrote out Socrates’ teachings, and described his trial in the book he wrote; Apology
• Republic was Socrates’ discussion of justice and the ideal state - one of the most influential books on philosophy ever written
• Republic was the second book Plato wrote

Western Civ day 22

• The gods interaction with the humans is unique 

• Poseidon- (god of the sea) interfered with Odysseus trying to return home to make his look bad

• Brother of Zeus 

• Aphrodite- (goddess of love) had lovers of both gods and men 

• Archises was a mortal who fathered her baby 

• Dionysus- (god of wine) was a son of Zeus and of Semele (a human princess)

• Zeus- ruler of heaven and Earth; father of Athena; god of sky, weather, law, order, thunder, lightning, and justice

• Zeus had a temper and was known to hurl thunderbolts 

• Athena- goddess of wisdom, skill, warfare, peace, intelligence, battle strategy and handicrafts

• Athena was born from Zeus's head fully formed (adult) and armored

• She was a patron of Athens (city named after her)

• Apollo- god of music, arts, knowledge, and healing 

• Zeus was his father

• Artemis was his twin

• Associated with the sun and his sister was associated with the moon

• Demeter- goddess of grain, harvest, and agriculture

• Zeus's sister

Western civ day 21

DEMOCRACY AND GREECE'S GOLDEN AGE

Direct Democracy- a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
Classical Art- values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion
Tragedy- serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
Comedy- contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor
Peloponnesian War- Athens vs Sparta- Athens had stronger navy and Sparta had a stronger Army
Philosophers- "lovers of wisdom"
Socrates- critic of sophists
Plato- student of socrates
Aristotle- philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief

NOTES

• Pericles led Athens during the Golden Age 
• Pericles increased number of public officials for a stronger democracy
• After the defeat of the Persians, Athens helped organize the Delian League 
• Pericles goal was to have the greatest Greek artists and architects to glorify Athens 
• The Parthenon was not unique in style 
• Greeks wrote 2 kinds of drama- tragedy and comedy
• 3 notable dramatists- Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
• No written records of the Dorian Age besides Homer's stories
• Athenians and Spartans go to war (Peloponnesian)
• Sparta gains victory- marched 20,000 soldiers to Athens wealthiest city 
• Greek philosophers based on this 
• The universe is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging law 
• People can understand the laws through logic and reason
• Socrates believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice
• Plato wrote down the conversations of the Socrates- famous work was the Republic 
• Aristotle came close to summarizing all the knowledge up to his time 
• Aristotle invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic

western civ day 20

I was sick

western civ day 19

Today we took a test.  I think I did well.  I feel like the test was easy.  I did not really study at all either.  I have a good memory I guess.

western civ day 18

Today we reviewed for the test on ancient Greece

• Pericles was a wise statesmen 
• he wanted to strengthen the athenian democracy
• to hold and strengthen the empire
• to glorify Athens
• he increased the salary of politicians 
• after Persian war Athens started Delian league
• Athens took leadership and dominated all city-states in the league 
• Pericles used money from league to strengthen navy 
• he burrowed money to glorify Athens 
• the parthenon was constructed
• it was built to glorify Athena 
• Greece invented drama as an art form
• tragedy and comedy
• Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides were famous play writers 
• spart declared war in 431 B.C.E
• sparta won in 404 B.C.E
• All of the worlds greatest civilizations are located near bodies of water
• India/Indus River 
• China/Huang He river
• Egypt/The Nile
• Mesopotamia/ Tigris+Euphrates 
• the bodies of water that surround Greece are... 
• Aegean Sea 
• Ionian Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• the large island south of Greece is Crete
• most cities controlled 50-500 square miles of land
• cities often had fewer than 10,000 people
• rulers and commoners did not get along
• tyrants were sometimes helpful, unlike today
• Draco took power in 621
• he developed a legal code
• code dealt with. criminals harshly
• upheld slavery 
• Solon came to power in 594
• stated that citizens should not own other citizens 
• shared concepts of pressing charges, voting, and that only high class officials can rule
• around 1200 B.C.E the Mycenaeans were conquered by the "Sea people"
• Dorians moved in around 1150 B.C.E
• they were less advanced 
• there was no writing for 400 years 
• Homer told stories around Greece
• the Iliad - about the trojan war
• the Odyssey - Poseidon tries to stop Odessius from returning home

western civ day 17

Today we took notes on a few leaders of ancient Greece

• Pericles was a wise statesmen 
• he wanted to strengthen the athenian democracy
• to hold and strengthen the empire
• to glorify Athens
• he increased the salary of politicians 
• after Persian war Athens started Delian league
• Athens took leadership and dominated all city-states in the league 
• Pericles used money from league to strengthen navy 
• he burrowed money to glorify Athens 
• the parthenon was constructed
• it was built to glorify Athena 
• Greece invented drama as an art form
• tragedy and comedy
• Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides were famous play writers 
• spart declared war in 431 B.C.E
• sparta won in 404 B.C.E

Western civ day 16

direct democracy- a form of government were citizens rule directly
classical art- art from long time ago
tragedy- a genre of plays in Ancient Greece
comedy- opposite of a tragedy
Peloponnesian war- a war between Sparta and Athens
philosophers- lovers of wisdom
socrates- a critic of sophists
plato- a student of socrates
Aristotle- a philosopher that questioned the world

• Pericles was a wise statesmen 
• he wanted to strengthen the athenian democracy
• to hold and strengthen the empire
• to glorify Athens
• he increased the salary of politicians 
• after Persian war Athens started Delian league
• Athens took leadership and dominated all city-states in the league 
• Pericles used money from league to strengthen navy 
• he burrowed money to glorify Athens 
• the parthenon was constructed
• it was built to glorify Athena 
• Greece invented drama as an art form
• tragedy and comedy
• Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides were famous play writers 
• spart declared war in 431 B.C.E
• sparta won in 404 B.C.E

Western civ day 15

• All of the worlds greatest civilizations are located near bodies of water
• India/Indus River 
• China/Huang He river
• Egypt/The Nile
• Mesopotamia/ Tigris+Euphrates 
• the bodies of water that surround Greece are... 
• Aegean Sea 
• Ionian Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• the large island south of Greece is Crete

• most cities controlled 50-500 square miles of land
• cities often had fewer than 10,000 people
• rulers and commoners did not get along
• tyrants were sometimes helpful, unlike today
• Draco took power in 621
• he developed a legal code
• code dealt with. criminals harshly
• upheld slavery 
• Solon came to power in 594
• stated that citizens should not own other citizens 
• shared concepts of pressing charges, voting, and that only high class officials can rule
• around 1200 B.C.E the Mycenaeans were conquered by the "Sea people"
• Dorians moved in around 1150 B.C.E
• they were less advanced 
• there was no writing for 400 years 
• Homer told stories around Greece
• the Iliad - about the trojan war
• the Odyssey - Poseidon tries to stop Odessius from returning home

Western Civ day 14

Today in class we went over the slideshow again and we learned a few new things.

• All of the worlds greatest civilizations are located near bodies of water
• India/Indus River 
• China/Huang He river
• Egypt/The Nile
• Mesopotamia/ Tigris+Euphrates 
• the bodies of water that surround Greece are... 
• Aegean Sea 
• Ionian Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• the large island south of Greece is Crete

• most cities controlled 50-500 square miles of land
• cities often had fewer than 10,000 people
• rulers and commoners did not get along
• tyrants were sometimes helpful, unlike today
• Draco took power in 621
• he developed a legal code
• code dealt with. criminals harshly
• upheld slavery 
• Solon came to power in 594
• stated that citizens should not own other citizens 
• shared concepts of pressing charges, voting, and that only high class officials can rule
• around 1200 B.C.E the Mycenaeans were conquered by the "Sea people"
• Dorians moved in around 1150 B.C.E
• they were less advanced 
• there was no writing for 400 years 
• Homer told stories around Greece
• the Iliad - about the trojan war
• the Odyssey - Poseidon tries to stop Odessius from returning home

Western Civ day 13

Today in class we took notes on the topography of Ancient Greece.  Much of the information I did not write down because it was a repeat of the textbook notes, but I wrote the topography related in formation.

• All of the worlds greatest civilizations are located near bodies of water
• India/Indus River 
• China/Huang He river
• Egypt/The Nile
• Mesopotamia/ Tigris+Euphrates 
• the bodies of water that surround Greece are... 
• Aegean Sea 
• Ionian Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• the large island south of Greece is Crete

• most cities controlled 50-500 square miles of land
• cities often had fewer than 10,000 people
• rulers and commoners did not get along
• tyrants were sometimes helpful, unlike today
• Draco took power in 621
• he developed a legal code
• code dealt with. criminals harshly
• upheld slavery 
• Solon came to power in 594
• stated that citizens should not own other citizens 
• shared concepts of pressing charges, voting, and that only high class officials can rule

Western civ day 12

Today in class the was a sub, and we took notes all class, kinda boring

Warring City-States

Main Idea- The growth of city-states in Greece led to the development of several political systems

Why it matters now- Many political systems today's world mirror the varied forms of governments that evolved in Greece 

polis- another name for city-state

acropolis- A fortified hilltop were citizens discussed government

monarchy- a government with one ruler

oligarchy- a government with a few powerful people ruling 

aristocracy- a government with a small group of noble families in rule

democracy- rule by the people

helot- peasants forced to stay on their land and work

phalanx- military formation used by spartans 

Persian wars- wars between Greece and Persia 

• most cities controlled 50-500 square miles of land
• cities often had fewer than 10,000 people
• rulers and commoners did not get along
• tyrants were sometimes helpful, unlike today
• Draco took power in 621
• he developed a legal code
• code dealt with. criminals harshly
• upheld slavery 
• Solon came to power in 594
• stated that citizens should not own other citizens 
• shared concepts of pressing charges, voting, and that only high class officials can rule

Western civ day 11

Mycenaean- people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.

Trojan War- A ten-year war against Troy. 

Dorian- People who settled in Greece after the Mycenaeans

Homer- Greatest greek writer

Epic- Short story about heroic deeds
Myth- traditional stories about god/s

1.  
1. The Mycenaeans were the first people to settle in the greek mainland.
2. The Trojan war was a 10-year war over a kidnapped woman
3. The Dorians were less advanced peoples that settled in Greece after the Mycenaeans 
4. Homer was a blind man that was considered Greece's greatest writer
5. Epics were short stories that shared heroic deeds
6. The Greeks told myths about all their gods

3. The Greeks became skilled sailors, they were able to trade with other nations, and the Greeks had a powerful navy

4. The Minoans showed the Mycenaeans the value of seaboard trade, the Mycenaeans adopted the Minoan writing system, politics, influenced culture, and influenced literature

5. they were the only way though which knowledge and stories of the past could be communicated.