cyber day 27

• Caesars grandnephew- and son named Octavian took over at age 18
• He forms the second triumvirate 
• Mark Antony, Lepidus, Octavian 
• Octavian forces Lepidus to retire 
• He becomes rivals with Antony 
• Antony partners with Cleopatra 
• Octavian defeats them in the Battle of Actium
• He is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome
• He was given the honorific “Augustus”
• “Exalted one”
• He was also given the title “imperator”
• Supreme military commander
• This is where we get the word “emperor”
• Now Rome is an empire, not a republic
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Cyber day 26

I will be taking my test on June second at 8:55 - 9:45.

• Rome used Bread and Circuses to calm and distract the plebs
• Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians
• Soldiers’ loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic
• Julius Caesar (100 - 44 BCE)
• a highly successful general
• he conquered the huge territory of Gaul
• The First Triumvirate
• Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
• Caesar appoints himself governor of Gaul
• In 44BC he is named dictator - first for six months, then for life
• Created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects
• Increased pay for soldiers
• He was assassinated
• Why? The senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability
• How? They lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involved

cyber day 25

I am going to Analyze the factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic.

Cyber day 24

The Roman Empire

• Civil War- A conflict between groups in the same country
• Julius Caesar- A military leader, was elected to consul in 59 B.C.E
• Triumvirate- A group of three rulers
• Augustus- Real name is Octavian.  Roman emperor 
• Pax Romana- a period of peace and prosperity.  Means "Roman Peace"

The Republic Collapses 

Increased wealth and expanding boundaries caused many problems.  Including the fall of the republic 

• Thousand of people were enslaved 
• by 100 BC one third of the population were slaves 
• small farmers could not compete with bigger estates 
• Tiberius and Gaius attested to help the poor 
• the republic grew unstable 
• they recruited soldiers by offering land to the poor
• Caesar came and used his knowledge in military strategy to strengthen Rome 
• Caesar had absolute power 
• after he died, civil war broke out again

cyber day 23

The Punic Wars were the wars between Rome and Carthage.  There were three wars, all of which Rome won.  The first war was a naval battle for Sicily which is strategically located.  Rome wins this war.  The first war took place from 264-241 B.C.E.  The second war happened from 218 - 201 B.C.E. The Carthaginian general in this war was Hannibal. He planned to attack Rome from the north. He used elephants but still fail. The third and final war took place from 149-146 B.C.E. The Romans grew tired of the Carthaginians. The Romans decided to burn down the city of Carthage. The city burned for 17 days and over 50,000 people were sold as slaves.

cyber day 22

Slides 9-12
The whole situation involving the king and the two families is hard to follow.  So much assassinations and murders that were committed by family members.  I can see why the Romans did not want kings.  They were afraid of the same thing happening again.  The Romans wanted freedom from their rulers, and they realized that with a king in rule, their freedom had a chance to be taken.

Slides 13-22
At the start, the Roman government consisted of only the patricians, which only took up around 2% of the population.  The plebeians got no representation.  Then the government changed to a republic, which was a combination of a democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy.  The government also had 3 branches, just like America does now.  Also, both governments have a legal code.

cyber day 21

• Rome was first settled by the Etruscans
• They were metalworkers, artists, architects
• they came from came from north-central part of the peninsula
• Greeks also settled in Rome
• Romans borrowed ideas from them
• they burrowed religious, beliefs, alphabet, much of their art, military techniques, and weaponry
• The Latins came FIRST 
• descendants of Indo-Europeans
• settled on the banks of the Tiber
• They drained a swam
• there was a marshy area called the Forum,  between Palatine and Capitoline Hills
• Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
• the seventh king of Rome
• the last king of Rome
• known as Tarquin the Proud
• he was a tyrant 
• Rule of kings is replaced by rule of two consuls
• consuls were elected
• served for 1 year
• fifth century BCE - patrician dominance of the government was challenged by the plebeians

cyber day 20

I listened to the song 7 times, yes I counted.  The song was incredibly catchy.  At first I was sceptical of the song being good, but then, my opinion was instantly changed.  I learned something from it as well.  I liked the song very much.

cyber day 19

I believe that Ancient Rome owes it success to its strong military.  Without the Roman military, then there would have been no land for the Republic to rule.  Also, the military protected the Republic from being destroyed when Rome had a successful empire established.

Cyber day 18

The Twelve Tablets, or tables, was a list of Roman laws that severed as a basis for future politics and law makers.  They included three parts: The Preamble; which stated when the laws were adopted, the Main Text; which stated the laws, and the Sanctio; which  included penalties for the laws.                      

cyber day 17

This is a Roman aqueduct. Aqueducts are used to transport water.  The engineering genius that is needed to build this is unbelievable for the time.