Cyber day 28

Dear Future Josh,

Well...2020 has been, different from most years.  It seems as if every week has enough change for a chapter in a history book.  More importantly, you lived to experience that.  You have lived through these crazy times.  It is hard to believe the path the Earth has taken.  These times have caused me to rethink about how lucky I truly was to live the life that I had.  These times have served as a reality check for me.  I predict summer to be a bit different.  Quarantine is starting to let up, so maybe everything will soon be normal.  I am hoping for the best.

cyber day 27

• Caesars grandnephew- and son named Octavian took over at age 18
• He forms the second triumvirate 
• Mark Antony, Lepidus, Octavian 
• Octavian forces Lepidus to retire 
• He becomes rivals with Antony 
• Antony partners with Cleopatra 
• Octavian defeats them in the Battle of Actium
• He is now the unchallenged ruler of Rome
• He was given the honorific “Augustus”
• “Exalted one”
• He was also given the title “imperator”
• Supreme military commander
• This is where we get the word “emperor”
• Now Rome is an empire, not a republic
• 
  

Cyber day 26

I will be taking my test on June second at 8:55 - 9:45.

• Rome used Bread and Circuses to calm and distract the plebs
• Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians
• Soldiers’ loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic
• Julius Caesar (100 - 44 BCE)
• a highly successful general
• he conquered the huge territory of Gaul
• The First Triumvirate
• Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
• Caesar appoints himself governor of Gaul
• In 44BC he is named dictator - first for six months, then for life
• Created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects
• Increased pay for soldiers
• He was assassinated
• Why? The senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability
• How? They lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involved

cyber day 25

I am going to Analyze the factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic.

Cyber day 24

The Roman Empire

• Civil War- A conflict between groups in the same country
• Julius Caesar- A military leader, was elected to consul in 59 B.C.E
• Triumvirate- A group of three rulers
• Augustus- Real name is Octavian.  Roman emperor 
• Pax Romana- a period of peace and prosperity.  Means "Roman Peace"

The Republic Collapses 

Increased wealth and expanding boundaries caused many problems.  Including the fall of the republic 

• Thousand of people were enslaved 
• by 100 BC one third of the population were slaves 
• small farmers could not compete with bigger estates 
• Tiberius and Gaius attested to help the poor 
• the republic grew unstable 
• they recruited soldiers by offering land to the poor
• Caesar came and used his knowledge in military strategy to strengthen Rome 
• Caesar had absolute power 
• after he died, civil war broke out again

cyber day 23

The Punic Wars were the wars between Rome and Carthage.  There were three wars, all of which Rome won.  The first war was a naval battle for Sicily which is strategically located.  Rome wins this war.  The first war took place from 264-241 B.C.E.  The second war happened from 218 - 201 B.C.E. The Carthaginian general in this war was Hannibal. He planned to attack Rome from the north. He used elephants but still fail. The third and final war took place from 149-146 B.C.E. The Romans grew tired of the Carthaginians. The Romans decided to burn down the city of Carthage. The city burned for 17 days and over 50,000 people were sold as slaves.

cyber day 22

Slides 9-12
The whole situation involving the king and the two families is hard to follow.  So much assassinations and murders that were committed by family members.  I can see why the Romans did not want kings.  They were afraid of the same thing happening again.  The Romans wanted freedom from their rulers, and they realized that with a king in rule, their freedom had a chance to be taken.

Slides 13-22
At the start, the Roman government consisted of only the patricians, which only took up around 2% of the population.  The plebeians got no representation.  Then the government changed to a republic, which was a combination of a democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy.  The government also had 3 branches, just like America does now.  Also, both governments have a legal code.